Evidence indicates that when PBM increases by 5% during childhood and adolescence, the risk of osteoporotic fracture reduces by 40%, while when PBM increases by 10%, this risk decreases by 50%. Adolescence is a critical period of skeletal development and peak bone mass (PBM) may be reached in late adolescence. Osteoporosis is a global health problem that is reported to originate during childhood or adolescence. The present study revealed a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and total BMD, and an inverted U-shaped relationship between serum calcium and total BMD. In contrast, there was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and total BMD after adjusting for potential confounders. However, an inverted U-shaped relationship was found when we performed the smooth curve fitting method, and the inflection point was calculated at 9.6 mg/dL using the two-piecewise linear regression model.
The fully-adjusted model showed serum calcium positively correlated with total BMD. ResultsĪ total of 5990 individuals aged between 12 and 19 years were included in this study. Smooth curve fitting was used to explore the potential non-linear relationship. Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of serum calcium, 25(OH)D level with total BMD. We aimed at exploring the associations between serum calcium, vitamin D level, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006. It is important to improve our understanding of the roles of calcium and vitamin D in bone health for preventing osteoporosis.
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